Types of Peptide Hormones: Oxytocin and Vasopressin
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Identification of neurohypophysial hormones with their antisera.
Identifying posterior pituitary hormones in body fluids or neurohypophysial extracts was heretofore partially achieved by using pharmacologic potency ratios or semispecific inactivation by thioglycolate or enzymes. Production of antisera against oxytocin and lysine-vasopressin has prompted us to test their specificity against lysine-vasopressin, arginine-vasopressin, arginine-vasotocin, and oxy...
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The neurohypophyseal hormones vasopressin and oxytocin are two closely related nonapeptides, synthesized mainly by the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus. Their peptide sequences differ only in the amino acids at positions 3 and 8, but, for both hormones, the formation of a disulfide bond between Cys residues at the 1 and 6 positions results in a peptide constituted of a 6 amino acid cyc...
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To date, glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (tGLP-1) has been found to enhance the vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in vivo but not in vitro (i.e., when the isolated neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary was used for experiments). The goal of this study was to investigate whether tGLP-1 can influence the function of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial complex in vitro. Also, the effect of a ...
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Pro-vasopressin and pro-oxytocin are prohormones processed in the neurointermediate lobe pituitary to form the biologically active peptide hormones, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin. Neurointermediate lobe pituitaries from normal (+/+), heterozygous (+/-), PC2-Null (-/-), PC1/3-Null and oxytocin-Null mice were analyzed by SELDI-TOF mass spectroscopy for the peptide hormone products, AVP,...
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Vasopressin and oxytocin are intrinsically disordered cyclic nonapeptides belonging to a family of neurohypophysial hormones. Although unique in their functions, these peptides differ only by two residues and both feature a tocin ring formed by the disulfide bridge between first and sixth cysteine residues. This sequence and structural similarity are experimentally linked to oxytocin agonism at...
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